Ethernet Cables from China manufacturer - Beijing Tianyuan Rongli Technology Co., Ltd.

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The standard of network cables

When making network cables, according to actual needs, including the following two manufacturing standards:

EIA/TIA 568A standard

From left to right, the order of the wires is: white-green, green, white-orange, blue, white-blue, orange, white-brown, brown.

EIA/TIA 568B standard

From left to right, the order of the wires is: white-orange, orange, white-green, blue, white-blue, green, white-brown, brown.

In 2002, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) officially adopted the Category 6 cabling standard (ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1-2002), which was also approved by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), with the standard number ISO/IEC 11801:2002.

In 2003, TIA began researching copper cables capable of supporting transmission speeds of 10 gigabits per second, and in 2008, it promulgated the performance parameter standards for Category 6A cabling products, also laying the foundation for the application of Category 6A and Category 7 horizontal twisted pair cables in 10 gigabit Ethernet.

Classification

Twisted pair

Twisted pair (Twisted pair) is divided into shielded (Shielded Twisted pair, abbreviated as STP) and unshielded (Unshielded Twisted pair, abbreviated as UTP). Shielding refers to a layer of metal mesh wrapped around the internal signal wires of the network cable, with the shielding layer being outside the insulation sheath. The shielding layer can effectively isolate interference from external electromagnetic signals.
UTP is currently the most frequently used type of network cable in local area networks. This type of network cable has 8 signal wires wrapped inside a plastic insulation sheath, with each pair of two wires twisted around each other, forming a total of four pairs. The twisted pair gets its name from this twisting. The purpose of such twisting is to use the electromagnetic field generated by the current in the copper wires to interact and cancel out interference from adjacent lines and reduce interference from the outside. The number of twists per inch of each pair of wires determines the ability to resist interference and the quality of communication. The more tightly twisted, the higher the communication quality, which can support higher network data transmission rates. Of course, the cost is also higher.
Coaxial cable

Coaxial cable refers to a cable with two concentric conductors, where the conductor and the shielding layer share the same axis. Because it has an insulating material wrapped around the main line, and outside the insulating material, there is a layer of meshed braided shielding metal wire, it can effectively block external electromagnetic interference and improve communication quality. The advantage of coaxial cable is that it can support high-bandwidth communication over relatively long distances without repeaters, while its disadvantages are also obvious: one is the large size, the diameter of the thin cable is 3/8 inch thick, taking up a lot of space in the cable duct; the second is that it cannot withstand entanglement, pressure, and severe bending, all of which can damage the cable structure and prevent signal transmission; the third is the high cost. All these disadvantages are what twisted pair cables can overcome, and therefore in the current local area network environment, they have basically been replaced by Ethernet physical layer specifications based on twisted pair cables. Coaxial cables are divided into thin and thick cables.
Fiber optic cable

Fiber optic cable (Fiber Optic Cable) transmits signals in the form of light pulses, so the material is mainly glass or organic glass. It consists of a fiber core, cladding, and a protective jacket. The structure of fiber optic cable is similar to that of coaxial cable, with a central core made of glass or transparent plastic, surrounded by protective material. Depending on the need, multiple fiber optic cables can be combined into one optical cable. Depending on the way the optical signal is generated, fiber optic cables can be divided into single-mode fiber and multimode fiber.

Nowadays, there are more fake twisted pair cables on the market than real ones, and even the fake cables have the same markings as the real ones. In addition to fake cables, there are many cases where Category 3 cables are passed off as Category 5 or Category 5e cables in the market. Here are some methods to identify network cables:

1. The wires in Category 3 cables are two pairs of four, while the wires in Category 5 cables are four pairs of eight.

2. The outer sheath of the real cable is not easy to burn, while the outer sheath of the fake cable is mostly flammable.

3. Fake cables will soften at higher temperatures (above 40°C), while real ones will not.

4. The copper core inside the real cable is made of purer material, which is softer, has flexibility, and is not easy to break.

5. The twisting direction of the network cable is counterclockwise, not clockwise. Twisting clockwise will affect the speed and transmission distance.

6. The number of twists of the wires in the cable when twisted around each other is different, because if the number of twists is the same, the transmission signals between the two pairs of wires will interfere with each other, shortening the transmission distance.

7. Shielded twisted pair cables have a layer of metal mesh and insulation material between the conductors and the sheath, and the RJ-45 connector is also wrapped in metal.

8. If possible, everyone can find a 100-meter twisted pair cable and use the "Network Monitor" in Windows to test it in real life. Category 5 cables can reach 100Mbps, while Category 3 cables only have 10Mbps.

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